The Conversation Follow the reactions below and share your own thoughts. Leave a Reply Click here to cancel reply. Apple Mac iPhone. Tech-Recipes By visiting this site, users agree to our disclaimer. Fine-turning is also available from lynx. HTML includes markup, designed primarily for graphic clients, that treats inlined images as maps, such that areas of the image within which a mouse cursor was positioned when the mouse was clicked can correspond to URLs which should be retrieved.
The original implementations were based on the client sending an http server the x,y coordinates associated with the click , for handling by a script invoked by the server, and have been termed server-side-image-maps. Lynx has no rational way of coping with such a procedure, and thus simply sends a 0,0 coordinate pair, which some server scripts treat as an instruction to return a document suitable for a text client.
These have been termed client-side-image-maps. All MAPs encountered in documents during a Lynx session are cached, so that they need not be retrieved repeatedly when referenced in different documents.
If the IMG element also indicates a server-side-image-map via an ISMAP attribute, Lynx normally will create a link for that as well, using an [ISMAP] pseudo-ALT followed by a hyphen to indicate its association with the client-side-image-map rather than ignoring it, and will submit a 0,0 coordinate pair if that link is activated.
Although, the client-side-image-map may be more useful for a client such as Lynx, because all of the URLs associated with the image map can be accessed, and their nature indicated via ALT attributes, Lynx-friendly sites can map 0,0 such that the server returns a for-text-client document homologous to the content of FIG elements see below.
Inclusion of such a link for submissions to the server can be disabled by default via the configuration file lynx. These are the ideal way to handle client-side-image-maps , because the FIG content provides complete alternative markup, rather than relying on the client to construct a relatively meager list of links with link names based on ALT strings.
HTML includes provision for passing instructions to clients via directives in META elements, and one such instruction, via the token Refresh , should invoke reloading of the document, fetched from a server with the same URL or a new URL, at a specified number of seconds following receipt of the current document.
This procedure has been termed client-side-pull. An example of such an element is:. A no-cache directive is implied when the Refresh if for the same URL. Lynx recognizes and processes Refresh directives in META elements, but puts up a labeled link, typically in the upper left corner of the display, indicating the number of seconds intended before a refresh, and the URL for the refresh, instead of making the request automatically after the indicated number of seconds.
This allows people using a braille interface any amount of time to examine the current document before activating the link for the next URL. In general, if the number of seconds indicated is short, the timing is not critical and you can activate the link whenever you like. If it is long e. HTTP provides a means to carry state information across successive connections between a browser and an http server.
Normally, http servers respond to each browser request without relating that request to previous or subsequent requests. When replying to a request, the server can send a Set-Cookie MIME header which contains information cookies relevant to the browser's request, and in subsequent requests the browser can send a Cookie MIME header with information derived from previously received cookies. State Management via cookie exchanges originally was implemented by Netscape, and such cookies are now designated as Version 0.
Lynx supports both Version 0 and Version 1 cookie exchanges. The domain listed in these options must be identical to the domain the cookie comes from, there is no wildcard matching. A common use of cookies by http servers is simply to track the documents visited by individual users.
Though this can be useful to the site's WebMaster for evaluating and improving the organization of links in the various documents of the site, if the user has configured Lynx to include a From MIME header with the user's email address in http requests, or has passed personal information to the server via a form submission, the tracking might be used to draw inferences, possibly incorrect, about that user, and may be considered by some as an invasion of privacy.
An example of worthwhile State Management via cookies is the setting of personal preferences, typically via a form submission to the site, which will then apply to all documents visited at that site.
Entries in the Cache Jar are ordered from oldest at the top to newest. The user can easily access any document which is in the cache, especially those which may be soon removed due to configurable limits on the maximum number of cached documents, as well as the maxmimum amount of memory used by the cache. Lynx's current state all information about the user's current activity with lynx is called a session. Sessions are useful in particular if you are in the middle of exploring something on the web and you were forced to stop abruptly, losing any trace of your current work.
A session can be automatically restored as lynx starts after a clean exit. If you do not want to specify these options at each lynx startup, there is an option in lynx. The syntax of the session file is simple. You can use a text editor to modify, add new entries, or remove URLs you no longer want.
A summary of the Lynx command line options switches is returned to stdout if Lynx is invoked with the -help switch. A description of the options also should be available via the system man Unix pages or help VMS libraries. On Win32, typing lynx -help in a DOS window should display similarly. The basic syntax of the Lynx command line can be represented as one of the following:.
Lynx uses only long option names. Option names can begin with double dash as well, underscores and dashes can be intermixed in option names in the reference below options are with one dash before them and with underscores.
Lynx provides many command-line options. Some options require a value string, number or keyword. These are noted in the reference below.
The other options set boolean values in the program. There are three types of boolean options: set, unset and toggle. For any of these, an explicit value can be given in different forms to allow for operating system constraints, e. Other option-values are ignored. The default boolean, number and string option values that are compiled into lynx are displayed in the help-message provided by lynx -help.
Some of those may differ according to how lynx was built; see the help message itself for these values. The -help option is processed before any option, including those that control reading from the lynx. Therefore runtime configuration values are not reflected in the help-message. Capitalized items in the option summary indicate that a substitution must be made. These are the options:. It can also be used to avoid having sensitive information in the invoking command line which would be visible to other processes on most systems , especially when the -auth or -pauth options are used.
On Unix, the keyboard input terminator is Control-D. On Win32, [??? Be sure to protect any script files which use this switch. The default or command line startfile is still set for the Main screen command, and will be used if the bookmark page is unavailable or blank.
Not recommended because email addresses enclosed in angle brackets will be converted to false news links, and uuencoded messages can be trashed. Lynx will ignore other information which the command-logging may have written to the log- file.
Each line of the command script contains either a comment beginning with " ", or a keyword:. Cursor and other special keys are given as names, e. This feature is only available if Lynx is built using the slang library.
The slang library will send ANSI color sequences without regard to the type of terminal which is being used. If color support is instead provided by a color-capable curses library such as ncurses, Lynx relies completely on the terminal description to determine whether color mode is possible, and this flag is not needed and thus unavailable. This can be used in the following way:. Normally this is not compiled-into your executable, but when it is, it can be disabled for a session.
This is the default behavior. If historical is set, that overrides minimal or valid comment parsing. If available, this flag may cause Lynx to react more immediately to window changes when run within an xterm. The default configuration can be changed in userdefs. The command line switch toggles the default. Set default restrictions for anonymous users. The settings for these, as well as additional goto restrictions for specific URL schemes that are also applied, are derived from definitions within userdefs.
Note that this is the only option value that may have the effect of removing some restrictions, if they have been set by other options, namely for those services that are allowed by default according to userdefs.
This applies to "news", "nntp", "newspost", and "newsreply" URLs, but not to "snews", "snewspost", or "snewsreply" in case they are supported. The beginning and end of the URL are displayed, rather than suppressing the end. If enabled the cursor will not be hidden in the right hand corner but will instead be positioned at the start of the currently selected link.
If disabled, no transfer rate is shown. Use lynx. Each file is marked by an HREF relative to the parent directory. Add a trailing slash to make the HREF's relative to the current directory:. When dumping a document using -dump or -source , Lynx normally does not display alert error messages that you see on the screen in the status line.
Use the -stderr option to tell Lynx to write these messages to the standard error. The log is named Lynx. Once a log is started for the session, all trace and other stderr messages are written to the log.
If use of a Lynx Trace Log is turned off, any trace output will go to the standard error stream. If a Lynx Trace Log Lynx. If no Trace Log file is in use, trace messages go to stderr. Logically OR the values to combine options:.
When used with -crawl , each link that begins with the same string as startfile is output to a file, intended for indexing.
Use only if your terminal emulator supports that escape code. Has no effect when used with -notitle. No options are required, nor is a startfile argument required. Lynx uses certain environment variables and sets a few of them. Please visit a separate page for this rather technical information. Lynx has several levels of customization: from the Options Menu accessible on-line, and possibly stored in your local. The most important and numerous default settings are stored in the Lynx configuration file lynx.
If you are on a UNIX system you should have appropriate permissions to make changes there or ask your system administrator to modify lynx. This file provides default settings for all accounts on your system.
It is really cool to read lynx. You may visit an index of options: by category or by alphabet. To view your current configuration derived from lynx.
However, for those who have a restricted account many Lynx features may be disabled by the system administrator, you probably will not see your lynx. Lynx grew out of efforts to build a campus-wide information system at The University of Kansas. The earliest versions of Lynx provided a user-friendly, distributed hypertext interface for users connected to multiuser Unix and VMS systems via curses-oriented display devices.
A custom hypertext format was developed to support hypertext links to local files and files on remote Gopher servers. In addition, Lynx became the most user-friendly Gopher client, although that was only an ancillary capability.
This distributed approach let providers retain complete control over their information, but it made communication between users and providers somewhat more difficult. Following the lead of Neal Erdwien, of Kansas State University, the Lynx hypertext format was extended to include links for including ownership information with each file. This information made it possible for users running Lynx clients to send comments and suggestions via e-mail to the providers.
This early version of Lynx was also augmented to support hypertext links to programs running on remote systems. It included the ability to open a Telnet connection, as well as the ability to start programs via rexec, inetd, or by direct socket connects. These capabilities were included to allow users to access databases or custom program interfaces.
HTML has become far more widely used, and the native format has been phased out. With the addition of the WWW libraries, Lynx became a fully-featured WWW client, limited only by the display capabilities offered in the curses environment. Foteos Macrides and members of the lynx-dev list have developed and supported Lynx since release of v2. The LynxFM code set was released as v2. There is an example jumps file in the samples subdirectory. If no text is given, the jump is cancelled.
If not defined here or in userdefs. To allow "? Alternate jumps files can be defined and mapped to keys here. If the keys have already been mapped, then those mappings will be replaced, but you should leave at least one key mapped to the default jumps file. You optionally may include a statusline prompt string for the mapping.
You must map upper and lowercase keys separately beware of mappings to keys which the user can further remap via the " o "ptions menu. Any white space following a prompt string will be trimmed, and a single space will be added by Lynx. You can change the prompt here from that defined in userdefs. Any trailing white space will be trimmed, and a single space is added by Lynx following the last non-white character. You must set the default prompt before setting the default jumps file below.
If a default jumps file was set via userdefs. Default is TRUE. If true, most of text except headers and like this will be justified. This has no influence on CJK text rendering. When that ratio exceeds the value specified, that particular line won't be justified. You must map upper and lowercase keys separately. A representative list of functions mapped to their default keys is provided below. See LYKeymap. Lynx accepts special keys either by name, or by lynx-specific codes. On Unix-like systems, if compiled with slang or ncurses, an additional level of key mapping is supported via an external ".
This file, if found in the home directory at startup, will always be used under those conditions; see lynx-keymaps distributed in the samples subdirectory for further explanation. Note that mapping via. If alternative line edit styles are compiled in, and modifying a key's line-editor binding on a per style basis is possible, then SELECT can be used to specify which styles are affected.
If SELECT is a positive integer number, only the binding for the numbered style is changed numbering is in the order in which styles are shown in the Options Menu, starting with 1 for the Default style. By default, Lynx asks for confirmation "Do you want to go back to the previous document?
If set to TRUE, the confirmation prompt is always issued. The default is set in userdefs. This feature is not available for VMS. A double percent yields a literal percent on output. Other characters are passed through literally. The dates always are included in the articles, themselves. GNU libiconv happens to give useful values, but other implementations are not guaranteed to do this.
These need not actually be local, i. An "inside" user is assumed if your system does not have utmp capabilities. See the Lynx source code distribution and the userdefs. If you have enabled execution links or scripts the following two variables control Lynx's action when an execution link or script is encountered. Since Lynx can access files from anywhere in the world, you may encounter links or scripts that will cause damage or compromise the security of your system. This is much less dangerous than enabling all execution links, but can still be dangerous.
VMS: Do not define this. A different definition here will override that in userdefs. The user will be prompted whether to append it. It is sought in the home directory. If it is in a subdirectory, begin it with a dot-slash e. The definition is set in userdefs. If you are using a different Internet mail transport, change the IN appropriately e. The definition here will override that in userdefs. These limits are by default large enough for reasonable usage; if they are very high, some sites may present undue performance waste.
The default size is This is mainly useful in non-Unix environments, e. This emulates the Netscape v2. Note that setting Historical comments on will override the Minimal or Valid setting. FALSE is the default so that one the default bookmark file will be available initially. The user can turn on multiple bookmark support via the " o "ptions menu, and can save that choice as the startup default via the. No prompting or menu display occurs if only one the startup default bookmark file has been defined define additional ones via the " o "ptions menu.
This may be useful if you need to switch display charsets frequently. This is the case when you use Lynx on different platforms, e. The defaults are defined in HTNews. Note that if the chunk size is increased, here or on the command line, to a value greater than the current maximum, the maximum will be increased to that number.
Conversely, if the maximum is set to a number less than the current chunk size, the chunk size will be reduced to that number. Thus, you need use only one of the two switches on the command line, based on the direction of intended change relative to the compilation or configuration defaults.
The compilation defaults ensure that there will be at least 10 earlier articles before bothering to chunk and create a link for earlier articles. Links with these URLs for posting or sending followups are created by the news gateway when reading group listings or articles from nntp servers if the server indicates that it permits posting. The compilation default set in userdefs. If the default is TRUE, posting can still be disallowed via the -restrictions command line switch. The posting facility in Lynx is quite limited.
Lynx does not provide a full featured news poster with elaborate error checking and safety features. If you have not set the variable externally, you can set it at run time via this configuration file. It will not override an external setting. Note that on VMS it is set as a process logical rather than symbol, and will outlive the Lynx image. The news reading facility in Lynx is quite limited. You can also access your downloads using the link on the Dock.
In the lower-right corner of the dock, click Downloads. Your most recent downloads spring out of the dock. Android phones and tablets include an app called Files or My Files , depending on the manufacturer.
The app displays all files on the device, including those downloaded, listed in chronological order. The Files or My Files app is in the app drawer.
Open the app and tap the Downloads option to view downloaded files on your phone or tablet. If you don't like the default file manager app, another option is to download and install Files by Google , available in the Google Play store.
The app helps you organize all files on your Android phone and tablet, and gives you easy access to downloaded files. It includes features for clearing app cache and deleting junk files, which helps to regain storage space on the device. On the iPad and iPhone , downloaded files are not saved or stored in a single location.
Instead, downloaded files are associated and accessible through compatible apps. For example, if a picture is downloaded, it's available in the Photos app.
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